自1956年颁布《美国老年人法案》以来,美国逐步形成了一个从联邦到地方政府的老年人服务网络,旨在向老年人提供专业化服务,支持、援助老年人及其照顾者,尽量让老年人留在社区生活。本文梳理了美国老年人服务网络从初步形成到逐渐完善的发展历程,将服务内容归纳为老年人信息咨询与出行服务、营养膳食服务、长期照顾服务、疾病预防和健康促进、教育服务和法律保护等五类,并介绍了美国老年人服务供给实现均等化、精准化、专业化的路径。基于我国国情并借鉴美国老年人服务网络经验,未来我国老年人服务供给改革应做到顶层设计与地方服务并重,积极建构老年人服务需求支持系统,培养专业老年人服务工作者,以老年人实际需求为服务供给导向,提升老年人服务项目评估的过程和实效。
关键词
美国 /
老人服务 /
服务网络 /
实践经验 /
借鉴
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基金
教育部社科基金项目“老年人损益感知与跨期选择机制研究”(16YJC840006);浙江省自然科学基金项目“互联网背景下老年人风险决策的策略与框架效应研究”(LY17G010009)阶段性成果。
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